Respiratory failure and refractory shock have been the most common causes of death.
呼吸衰竭和难治性休克属于最常见死因。
Chronic Kidney disease (CKD) is clinically common and refractory disease, its morbidity is increasing year by year.
慢性肾脏病是临床常见、疑难疾病，其发病率正呈逐年上升趋势。
Objective To investigate the practicability and safety of cholangioscopic holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy for refractory common bile duct residual stones.
目的探讨经胆道镜钬激光碎石治疗胆总管难取性残留结石的实用性及安全性。
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