The pairwise constraints are the most common prior knowledge, and many semi-supervised clustering algorithms are based on the type of constraints.

成对约束是先验知识中最普遍的，目前许多半监督聚类算法都基于此类约束形式。

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Prior to the new study, little was known about the risks of getting directly infected by common respiratory viruses, such as the flu or common cold, on an airplane, the researchers said.

研究人员说，在这项新研究之前，人们对于在飞机上直接感染常见的呼吸道病毒，如流感或普通感冒的风险知之甚少。

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Prior to eradication, smallpox epidemics were common in many countries, leaving death, blindness and disfigurement behind.

在被根除以前，天花在许多国家普遍流行，导致死亡、失明和毁容。

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Major shareholders are Vantage Point Global, Morningside Technology Investments, IDG, Ceyuan Funds, Aiden and Jasmine Ltd. and Google, which owns 2.8% of common shares prior to the offering and will own 1.4% of voting power afterwards.

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Tax favored employer-assisted housing existed in both the statutory and common law of taxation prior to the enactment of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954.

FORBES: In Defense Of Special Tax Treatment For Clergy

But former IOC Director Michael Payne said such pre-Olympic jitters were only to be expected, and were common in host countries prior to the opening ceremony.

CNN: Park life: Games leave London with a happy golden glow