People who cannot distinguish between colours are said to be colour-blind.

不能分辨颜色的人被称为色盲。

《新英汉大辞典》

If sharks' retinas cannot distinguish between different colours of light, as this research suggests, they may be totally colour-blind.

如果鲨鱼的视网膜不能够分辨出不同颜色的光线，就如这项研究所述，那么他们很可能全都是色盲。

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Colour-blind people can't distinguish between red and green.

色盲的人不能分辨红色和绿色。

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Display different levels of threats as alerts on maps, possibly using colour coding to distinguish priority.

BBC: FBI plans social network map alert mash-up application

They were thus able to distinguish the quick from the dead by colour, rather than propensity to wriggle.

ECONOMIST: A better way to find novel antibiotics

This means the robot can distinguish the type of waste based on its colour and drop it into the appropriate bin.

FORBES: ZenRobotics Develops a Garbage Sorting Robot