Ifthe supervision cost is too high, bureaucrats will collude to maximize their utilitythrough hiding information and levying informal tax on peasants.
在监督成本过高的情况下,这种道德风险表现在官僚之间会进行合谋:对上隐瞒信息,对农民则在正税外加派,以实现利益最大化。
参考来源 - 中国专制王朝衰亡的经济学分析The part rectifies Collude Joint Principal Offender, Unilateral Joint Principal Offender, Negligence of Joint Principal Offender, the Consequential Aggravated Criminal of Joint Principal Offender, Successive Joint Principal Offender.
该部分阐述了共谋共同正犯、片面的共同正犯、过失的共同正犯、结果加重犯的共同正犯、继承的共同正犯和不作为的共同正犯等几种共同正犯的形态。
参考来源 - 共同正犯研究(研究生论文)·2,447,543篇论文数据,部分数据来源于NoteExpress
V-RECIP If one person colludes with another, they cooperate with them secretly or illegally. (秘密或非法地) 串通 [表不满]
Several local officials are in jail on charges of colluding with the Mafia.
几位地方官员因涉嫌串通黑手党而锒铛入狱。
We all colluded in the myth of him as the swanky businessman.
我们所有人串通一气,把他神化为一流的商人。
Human resource integration; Merger; Competitive advantage; The personnel colludes with; Cultural integration; Training; Encourage.
人力资源整合;购并;竞争优势;人员勾通;文化整合;培训;激励。
This paper will show that Zhang et al. 's scheme is insecure, any group member colludes with repeal center can generate a valid group signature without using his secret parameters.
该文提出了一种伪造攻击方案指出张等的方案是不安全的,任一群成员在撤消中心的帮助下可以不利用自己的秘密参数对任何消息生成有效的群签名。
The meridian is the living creature information system that colludes with to live the quick and the external world contact and combines to adjust bio-chemical reaction of oneself continuously;
经络是勾通活人体与外界联系、并不断调整自身生化反应的生物信息系统;
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