This paper presents the engine emissions at different intake temperature, heating methods and volume of accumulators during the cold start.

研究了不同进气温度、加热方式和蓄热箱容积对发动机冷起动排放的影响规律。

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In summer the natural ventilation rates of buoyancy driven flow decrease, in the meantime the cold start and idle emissions of cars are significantly lower in summer than in winter.

在夏季，自然通风量减小，但汽车在冷启动与怠速情况下的污染物排放量远比冬季的小。

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The result indicates that it can control effectively on reducing HC emissions in cold start with the adoption on the technology of classific catalysis, and it has better practicability.

结果表明：采用分级催化转化技术能有效控制冷起动过程的HC排放量，并具有较好的实用性。

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But prolonged cold weather at the start of the year led to greater heating costs and carbon emissions.

BBC: Cold and election 'hampered Highland Council CO2 aims'