All organisms examined so far to this respect respond to a sudden decrease in ambient temperature by inducing a specialized genetic program termed the cold shock response (CSR).

在目前已经在这个方面研究过的有机体上讲，有机体会在受到环境温度突然下降的刺激的时候启动一个特殊的基因层面上的程序，称为冷激（冷休克）反应（CSR）。

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Tipton, who conducts research on the human body's physiological and psychological response to adverse environments, found that it takes as few as five immersions in icy water for the body to develop a tolerance that can reduce the risk of cold-shock response by half.

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