Factors affecting children's social shrinkage include internal physiology, cognitive modes and external parent-offspring relationship and companionate relationship.

影响儿童社会退缩行为的因素很多，不仅有内部的生理、认知模式等因素，还包括外部的亲子依恋关系、同伴关系等。

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While implementing the parent-child reading activity, some parents'knowledge structures are not complete, lacking knowledge in linguistics, cognitive psychology, reading psychology and pedagogics.

部分家长实施亲子阅读教育活动的知识结构不够完整，缺乏语言学科、认知心理学、阅读心理学、教育学方面的知识。

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The problem is, when the parent does that, it seems to have counterproductive results to cognitive ability in the long term.

斯特劳斯说， “小孩做错事，父母体罚他，从长远来看，会对孩子的认知能力造成负面的影响，而这与家长体罚的初衷是相反的。”

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It can mean handling the bill paying and accounts, overseeing investments for a parent who has cognitive impairment, providing money, arranging for a home care worker, and many other tasks.

FORBES: Do You Have What It Takes to be a Distance Caregiver for Aging Parents?

Having the back and forth interaction between a parent and a child from birth builds communication and cognitive skills from the beginning.

WHITEHOUSE: Educating Children at Critical Crossroads

If you have an aging parent or loved one with any form of mild cognitive impairment, early dementia or other disease that affects thinking and judgment, here are seven basic things family can do to reduce the risks of ripoff.

FORBES: Are Our Aging Parents Sitting Ducks?