So-called firm cluster externalities refer to externalities determined by the geographical characteristics and industrial characteristics of the cluster of firms.
所谓企业集群外部性指的是，由企业集群的地理特征和产业特征所决定的外部性。
He does not provide a definition for either, but his examples make it clear that he meant a cluster with a deep inter-firm division of Labour.
他没有给这两者给出一个定义，但是从他的案例可以清楚地看出，他指的是在企业内部劳动力高度分工的产业集群。
Global value chain theory, industrial cluster theory and firm capability theory are three important theoretical frameworks which are applied to analyze upgrading.
全球价值链理论、产业集群理论以及企业能力理论是研究企业升级问题的三种重要理论。
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