Like carbon dioxide, black carbon absorbs sunlight and infrared radiation, trapping heat in the atmosphere — including the boundary layer closest to Earth's surface.

像二氧化碳一样，黑碳吸收阳光和红外线辐射，将热量滞留在大气中-包括最接近地球表面的边界层。

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Closest to the atmospheric source of excess carbon dioxide, the ocean's surface waters are the first to show the effects of acidification.

由于直接接触大气中的过剩二氧化碳源，海洋表面的水是首先表现出酸化效应的。

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Messenger, which stands for Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry and Ranging, swooped within 199 kilometers Mercury, the smallest planet in the Universe that is also closest to the Sun.

“信使号”（MESSENGER）就是“水星表面，空间环境，地质化学以及广泛搜所任务”的缩写，它将飞入宇宙中最小且离太阳最近的行星，199千米的水星。

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Frictional drag means the air closest to the surface of the fuselage moves more slowly than the rest.

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Where the feed lies closest to the surface, as, for example, at the Suncor site, the bitumen is strip-mined and then separated.

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Where the rainbow fringes become most tightly spaced is where the fault break came closest to the surface, although the data indicates the fault is unlikely to have broken right through to the surface.

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