...ession sere） 进展演替（Progressive succession）、逆行演替（retrogressive succession） 演替顶极 （ climax of succession ） 顶极群落（climax community） 亚顶极、偏途顶极、先顶极、超顶极(后顶极) 二、思考题: 什么是群落波动？
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The final stage of a succession, called the climax by Clements and early ecologists, is likewise not predictable or of uniform composition.
演替的最终阶段，也就是克莱门茨和早期生态学家所称的顶级群落，同样是不可预测的，组成也不单一。
The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community.
演替中的第一个群落叫先锋群落，演替末的长寿群落称为顶极群落。
Climatic climax a plant community that is in equilibrium with a stable climate. It represents the of a succession.
气候顶级群落：与稳定的气候平衡的植物群落，它代表演替的顶级。
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