In addition, we also give the estimates on the extent of topography effect in terms of calculations by a cliff model.

此外，还根据悬崖模型计算，给出了关于地形影响范围的估计。

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This would serve two purposes, Feroli says, "it would help thwart the 'cliff effect' of the Treasury purchases coming to an abrupt halt later this summer, and it would address concerns that the Fed is becoming too dominant a participant" in mortgage markets.

FORBES: Spinning Compass Could Freeze Fed

However, manufacturing remains sluggish and the districts said the "fiscal cliff" effect was stifling confidence.

BBC: US Fed's Beige Book says economy seeing modest growth

So there is something quite wrong with a system that allows this sort of cliff edge effect.

BBC