Microfinance, especially lending to microentrepreneurs with no collateral, is labour-intensive and costly—in Compartamos's case, around $152 a year per client, with an average loan of $450.

小额贷款，特别是贷给小企业的无抵押款项是一项劳动密集又成本不菲的业务。 以墨西哥国民银行为例，客户年均贷款额为152美元，需要支付的利息为450美元。

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Investment banks are spending tens of millions of dollars on building sophisticated systems for managing client collateral.

ECONOMIST: Collateral management