This article gives a property and a corollary which is like Chowla s theorem, for reduced residue system.

得到了既约剩余系中同阶元的等幂和的一系列性质及其计算公式，并给出了证明。

youdao

"There's definitely some truth and validity in these charges...of different standards, " says Peter Chowla, policy officer at the Bretton Woods Project, an NGO that monitors the IMF and the World Bank.

BBC: Time to reform the IMF?