There and in Europe, near field communication (NFC) payments, which involve swiping a phone over a chip reader, are preferred to QR codes.

在美国和欧洲，近场通信（NFC）支付（把手机在芯片读取器上刷一下）比二维码更受欢迎。

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The tag then broadcasts data in the chip back to the reader.

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This would stop energy from the reader reaching the chip while the passport is closed.

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When the card is inserted into a reader, the chip checks that the fragments are present and undamaged, and if so returns an identification code.

ECONOMIST: MONITOR