Objective: to investigate the evolution of the meaning and concept of tongue color before the end of the Ching dynasty.

目的：探讨清末以前诊舌色的含义及其概念的演变。

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The form, purpose and cause of the mass uprising in the last ten years of Ching Dynasty have been transformed with social changes.

清末十年的民变形式、目的、原因随着社会的变迁而发生变化。

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Thirty percent of the fabled pieces went unsold, including a hand-painted Ching dynasty imperial pheasant vase that was expected to be a top lot in the sale.

结果30%的藏品未售出，包括一件事先预计会拍出最高价的手绘清代锦鸡花瓶。

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Teaching centers on the "Four Books" and the "Five Classics" that formed the basis of Chinese education for hundreds of years until the educational reforms following the fall of the Ching dynasty in 1911.

CNN: Confucius is seen as a beacon in a changing world