Last year, when the price of crude oil soared but refineries were not allowed to pass those higher costs on to consumers, Chinese refiners recorded significant losses.

去年，当原油价格飙升、而炼油厂不能把更高成本转移给消费者时，中国各炼油商都出现大额亏损。

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The Chinese company will set up a joint venture with Ineos, the world's fourth-largest chemicals producer, to refine and trade oil at Scotland's Grangemouth and France's Lavera refineries.

中石油将与全球第四大化学品生产商英力士成立一家合资企业，在苏格兰的格兰杰·莫斯和法国的拉瓦莱炼油厂提炼和交易石油。

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Chinese-style, big-ticket projects are part of Gujarat's formula, including refineries and ports, but so are networks of smaller firms and foreign companies which have now achieved critical mass in industries such as cars and pharmaceuticals.

ECONOMIST: Gujarat's economy

In one example, the Finance Ministry and Chinese refiners are deadlocked in negotiations over subsidies to help offset the higher costs of upgrading and operating refineries that produce cleaner diesel fuel, according to Gong Huiming, transportation director at the Energy Foundation, a nonprofit that focuses on U.S.-China energy issues.

WSJ: China's Pollution Fight Faces Resistance