Apply this benchmark to the past 12 months and it would show that most currencies had appreciated and the Chinese yuan had fallen.

过去12个月，如果应用这一基准，会显示大多数货币相对人民币升值，同时人民币在贬值。

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Without a benchmark deal, iron ore is sold in the open market, which could leave Chinese steelmakers vulnerable to soaring prices as the world's resources sector recovers from the downturn.

如果没有一个基准价格协议，铁矿石将公开在市场上出售，这可能导致中国钢铁企业容易受到由于世界资源产业从衰退中恢复而带来的价格飙升的影响。

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The new index will serve as a useful benchmark of the performance of US-listed Chinese companies and is designed to provide greater transparency.

新指数将作为在美上市中国企业股票表现的基准指数，旨在提高透明度。

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By 2015, 100 million Chinese will travel abroad, a benchmark originally forecast for 2020, according to the UNWTO.

CNN: Chinese travelers the world's biggest spenders

By this benchmark, Groupon scores well, just below Facebook and Renren, a Chinese social network with a listing in America (see chart).

ECONOMIST: Social-media firms see champagne; others see bubbles

There was also some interest-rate liberalization as Chinese banks are now allowed to lend at a discount of up to 20% below the benchmark, compared with a previous floor of 10%.

WSJ: China Rate Cut Spooks Asia Markets