The first ionization potentials of the noble gases provide a measure of how firmly the outer electrons are held by the effective nuclear charge.

稀有气体的一阶电离势提供了一个评价的标准，能衡量外层电子被有效核电荷束缚的强度。

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Bhar said the Libyan crisis remains tense with NATO now in charge of enforcing the no-fly zone, while the world continues to warily watch the situation at Japan's Fukushima nuclear plant.

Bhar说，随着北约接管禁飞区，利比亚危机持续紧张，同时世界各国不断担忧，密切关注日本福岛核电站状况。

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Neutrinos, which have no charge and very little mass, form out of nuclear reactions and particle decays.

质量极小且不带电的中微子，是在核反应和粒子衰变中产生的。

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and other countries suspect is trying to develop nuclear weapons, a charge Iran denies.

VOA: standard.2010.07.13

And let's say our second electron now is really far away, such that it's actually not going to shield any of the nuclear charge at all from that first electron.

距离原子核非常非常近,我们说第二个电子处于非常远的位置,这样它不会对第一个电子,感受到的来自原子核的电荷量有任何屏蔽作用,我们最后要说的是。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

It turns out, and we're going to get the idea of shielding, so it's not going to actually +18 feel that full plus 18, but it'll feel a whole lot more than it will just feel in terms of a hydrogen atom where we only have a nuclear charge of one.

结果是我们会有,屏蔽的想法,所以它不会是完整的，但是它会比原子核电荷量,吸引力要大很多,只有1的氢原子的。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

The government has sought a reckoning, by sacking officials in charge of nuclear safety.

ECONOMIST: Banyan

State help will be limited to reforming the lengthy licensing process, streamlining the planning system and levying a charge on nuclear operators to pay for decommissioning and waste storage.

ECONOMIST: Nuclear power: The wind, the sun—and the atom | The

The prime minister then held talks with the minister of economy, the minister in charge of the nuclear accident and the chief cabinet secretary, before making the announcement.

BBC: Japan PM Noda orders nuclear reactors back online