Every retailer has to charge a mark-up to cover overheads, and faces a tension between the immediate pressures of competition and the need to stay in business.

每家零售商都必须为支付管理费而收取溢价，面临着一时的竞争压力与必须维持经营之间的矛盾。

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The plan was to put family doctors in charge of commissioning secondary services, while subjecting hospitals to more competition.

计划本是让家庭医生负责试运行的二级医疗系统，而让医院经受更多竞争。

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The growing threat of competition is already forcing a change in existing banks’ behaviour: they have become more transparent about how they charge for overdrafts and other services, for example.

日益加剧的威胁已经迫使现有的银行作出改变：比如说，他们对于如何收取透支费用及其他服务费用的政策更为透明。

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In a fast-growing universe of fitness apps that serve as exercise logs, Strava facilitates free-of-charge competition between users who typically don't know each other and may traverse on courses years apart from each other.

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Interestingly, no price was announced, meaning Microsoft seems to be waiting to see how many US dollars the competition decides to charge.

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The front-runner is Denise Kingsmill, a lawyer, who is currently deputy head of the Competition Commission and in charge of its inquiry into car prices.

ECONOMIST: Competition policy