The proposed approach consists of steps including patent collection, patent indicator calculation, and change mining.

该方法包括三个步骤，分别是专利收集，专利指标的计算，和变化挖掘。

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In change mining phase the approach firstly excavate rules between two different time periods, comparing them to determine the trend changes.

变化挖掘方法是通过建立专利规则，比较两个不同时期的专利并确定其变化趋势。

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The canaries in coal mining areas may be an animal threatened by climate change.

煤矿区的金丝雀就可能是一种正受气候变化威胁的动物。

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As a follow-up to the piece I wrote last week (see: Why the Future of Mining Depends on Social Change) I felt it was important to explore this question and to provide some direction for what should mining companies could do differently to improve their relationships with indigenous people.

FORBES: Ten Ways for Mining Companies to Work Better with Indigenous People

And some additional, much less happy news from Australia, as Unesco and environmentalists warn that climate change and large-scale coal mining may lead to the wholesale destruction of the Great Barrier Reef.

BBC: In brief: Unearthing Australia's secret history

Mining companies ought to be social change leaders.

FORBES: Why the Future of Mining Depends on Social Change