Interest in historical methods had arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.

人们对历史研究方法产生了兴趣，这与其说是因为外部对历史作为一门知识学科的有效性提出了挑战，还不如说是因为历史学家内部发生了争吵。

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One would let an alleged infringer of a patent challenge its validity at the patent and Trademark Office (PTO), rather than going to court.

在一纸诉状上公堂之前，必须先在专利商标局让所谓的侵权人质询其专利的有效性。

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A party's challenge of the validity of the arbitration agreement shall be raised prior to the arbitration tribunal's first hearing.

当事人对仲裁协议的效力有异议，应当在仲裁庭首次开庭前提出。

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He directed his trustees to vigorously fight anyone who contested his wishes, and he considered any type of legal challenge to the validity of the documents as an affront to his wishes.

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"The experimental evidence ... provides no reason to challenge the validity of the improvements".

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In the third case, it is highly likely that his lawyers will seek to challenge the validity of his indictment in the constitutional court.

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