In uncertain situations, individuals favor less risky projects, other things being the same. in general, the costs and benefits of uncertain projects must be converted to certainty equivalents.

在不确定情况下，如果其他条件相同，人们不喜欢有风险的项目。一般地说，不确定项目的成本和收益必须转换成确定性等价。

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But ministers believe that many will prefer the certainty of staying on benefits to the uncertainty of coming off it without knowing they're going to get a job at the end.

BBC: Pooper store?

If that's right, then one of the big supposed benefits of nominal GDP targeting - that consumers and businesses will have some certainty about the future path of their nominal incomes - largely evaporates.

BBC: The Bank of England, the chancellor, and the target

Imagine the benefits to American businesses and families of knowing with a very high level of certainty that the buying power of the dollar five, 10 or 20 years from now would be approximately the same as it is today.

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