From inner to outside, the composite pipe consisted of alumina ceramic layer, metal transition layer, white cast layer, carbon atom diffusion layer and nodular cast iron layer.

复合管从里到外由氧化铝陶瓷层、金属过渡层、白口铸铁层、碳原子扩散层、球墨铸铁层组成。

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Residue stress in the ceramic chip of the composite tappet rod may be reduced by intermediate layer of soldered connection and by decreasing thickness of ceramic chip.

钎焊过渡层和减薄陶瓷块厚度可降低钎焊复合挺柱中陶瓷块的残余应力。

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At the same time, double compound layer which was composed of metal transition layer with high hardness and ceramic layer improved the service life and safe stability of the composite pipes greatly.

同时，高硬度的金属过渡层与陶瓷层组成的双层复合结构使复合管的使用寿命和安全稳定性显著提高。

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