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In the Middle Ages, the Ottoman Empire repeatedly tried to expand into Central Europe.

中世纪时，鄂图曼帝国多次要把版图扩展到中欧。

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Paradigm shifts like the rise of the corporation in the late Middle Ages, paper money, free labor and central banking, among many others, all came about as a response to particular political, social and technological pressures, needs, and problems.

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