The sensitivity matrix of target parameters relative to control parameters is numerically computed using finite central difference formula.

利用中心差分公式计算终端参数对控制参数的敏感矩阵。

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Due to the hyperbolic properties of convection-dominate dispersion equations, the central difference formula often cause numerical dispersion and oscillation even it has two-order precision in space.

由于对流为主的弥散方程具有双曲性质，中心差分格式虽然关于空间步长具有二阶精度，但会产生数值弥散和非物理力学特性的数值振荡，使数值模拟失真。

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This paper introduces a basic principle and calculation formula of measuring the horizontal distance and elevation difference by central hair stadia, and analyzes its measuring precision.

介绍了中丝视距法测量水平距离和高差的基本原理及计算公式，并对其测量精度进行了分析。

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