Our results are similar to those observed with probiotic strains and suggest that indole could be important in the intestinal epithelial cells response to gastrointestinal tract pathogens.

我们的研究结果与对益生菌菌株的研究结果类似，这表明吲哚在肠道上皮细胞对胃肠道病原体的反应中可能起着重要的作用。

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Macrophages are cells that play a role in the response of the immune system of mice and other mammals to invasive organisms such as bacteria.

巨噬细胞是在小鼠和其他哺乳动物的免疫系统对细菌等侵入性生物的反应中发挥作用的细胞。

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Animal immunizing and defending system is also divided into geneogenous immunizing cells and molecules & adaptive immunizing cells and molecules on response.

从应答方面来讲，动物的免疫防御系统又划分为先天性免疫细胞及分子和适应性免疫细胞及分子。

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What I want you to remember is that specific sub-populations of cells get activated, the activation results in a specific response.

我希望你们记住的是,一些特定的细胞亚群受到刺激时,被激活细胞将引起特定的应答

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So, there are cells in your pancreas which recognize glucose levels and they secrete insulin in response.

你的胰腺细胞能够,识别血糖水平,并分泌胰岛素作为反馈

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

It's the way, for example, that foreign molecules or antigens get presented to cells of your immune system in order to start the process of making an immune response, so sometimes a cell/cell interaction.

通过这种方式,外源分子,或者说抗原,进入到免疫系统的细胞中后,就会开启免疫反应过程,有时候就是细胞之间的相互作用

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

They picked a hormone called glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) that is made by intestinal cells in response to sugar and fat.

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"This is a fantastic example of how the response of cells changes due to a behavioral paradigm, " said theoretical neuroscientist Harel Shouval of the University of Texas Medical School at Houston, who was not involved in the study but has worked previously with the researchers.

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This then infects cells and provokes a cellular response.

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