Because the ratchet can be scaled to large sizes, it offers a new way to separate solid pollutants-such as soot, viruses or cell fragments-from a continuous stream of fluid.

由于这种棘轮可以做到很大的尺寸，它可以提供一种新的方式，来从连续的流体中分离如煤灰、病毒、或是细胞碎片等固态的污染物。

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Oligosaccharins are fragments of the cell wall released by enzymes: different enzymes release different oligosaccharins.

寡聚糖素是由酶释放的细胞壁碎片：不同的酶释放不同的寡聚糖素。

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When not blocked by peptide 15-1, hyaluronan fragments bind to skin cell receptors and set off a signaling cascade that increases inflammation at the site of the injury.

当没有被肽15-1阻隔，透明质酸碎片附着在受体的表皮细胞并且在受伤部位产生显著的层叠而加速发炎。

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For years scientists have attempted, with mixed success, to create cells or cell fragments that would stimulate the body to heal itself.

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