Indeed, a causal role is precisely what the early results suggest.

实际上，早期研究就已经得出了这个因果关系。

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But it is unclear if they are just a sign of disease or have a causal role.

但是是否可以成为疾病征兆或者和疾病有因果关系，就不得而知了。

youdao

To demonstrate the causal role of language, what's needed are studies that directly manipulate language and look for effects in cognition.

为了表达语言的因果作用，所需要的研究是对于语言的直接操纵，查看认识效果。

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They contradict theories that assert a large causal role for expansion of contraception in the reduction of fertility.

FORBES: UN Population Predictions: Up To 15 Billion by 2100

But diagnosis and the language of biological illness obscure the causal role of factors such as abuse, poverty and social deprivation.

BBC: 'Grief and anxiety are not mental illnesses'

To demonstrate the causal role of language, what's needed are studies that directly manipulate language and look for effects in cognition.

WSJ: Does Language Influence Culture?