内照应又可细分为回指(anaphora)和下指(cataphora),回指是指指示成分的所指对象是在语篇的上文,而下指是指指示成分的参照点在语篇的下文当中。具体的例子将在下文当中涉及到。
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Second, anaphora are much more common than cataphora.
第二,承前回指比蒙后下指多很多。
参考来源 - 《儒林外史》句首零形照应研究The fourth chapter is refer to the same of cataphora.
第四章为预指类指同。
参考来源 - 《孟子》指同表达研究·2,447,543篇论文数据，部分数据来源于NoteExpress
以上来源于: WordNet
N the use of a word such as a pronoun that has the same reference as a word used subsequently in the same discourse 所指; 相同语篇中所指的事物出现在代词之后 [grammar] → compare anaphora
There is even a dispute on whether there is cataphora.
下指是回指的标记形式；对第三人称下指，学界甚至存在争议。
The second part refers to comparison about the the anaphora and cataphora of Russian and cataphora of Chinese.
第二部分是俄语后向照应与汉语下指的对比。
Objective to examine the effect of different tracheal cannula used for tracheotomy on the pulmonary infection in patients with cataphora.
目的探讨昏迷患者气管切开术后应用不同类型气管套管预防肺部感染的效果。
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