According to strain coordination condition, the force and deformation state formulas of casing, cement loop and stratum are derived.

根据应变协调条件，推导出了套管、水泥环及地层受力变形状态的计算公式。

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Casing, cement and formation plane strain mechanical model are established, considering casing with initial ovality.

针对套管的不同初始椭圆度建立了套管、水泥环、地层平面应变力学模型。

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The influences of multi-openings with different shapes on a casing-cement cylindrical shell are studied in this paper, combined with practical engineering of oil Wells.

结合油井试采工程实际问题，研究了圆形和椭圆形两种形状的多个射孔对套管-水泥环结构强度的影响。

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Hydraulic fracturing involves the injection of fluid consisting of approximately 99.5% water and sand (the rest consists of common industrial or even household chemicals or materials) through wells constructed with protective casing and cement, into producing shale formations.

FORBES: Why Anti-Fracking Groups Are Shifting Their Story From Water To Air Quality

Halliburton was installing the cement casing for the drill operations.

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It matters not how good the cement job or the plug and cement for abandonment, both cement and casing will deteriorate over time and eventually fail.

FORBES: The Fracking Solution Is A Good Cement Job