Cohort studies are generally preferred to case control studies, since they involve far fewer statistical problems and generally produce more reliable answers.

队列研究一般优先用于病例对照研究，由于其很少涉及的统计学问题，产生的结果一般比较可靠。

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Resting heart rate (RHR) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in the general population and case-control studies have reported a higher RHR in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

在普通人群中静息心率（RHR）是心血管疾病的危险度因子，病例对照研究显示1型糖尿病患者的RHR偏高。

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Of the available studies, 29 were cohort studies, 69 case-control studies, and 4 randomized clinical trials.

现有的研究包括29个队列研究，69个病例对照研究以及4个随机临床试验。

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The potential advantage of observational studies, particularly case control studies, is that if they can be shown to produce reliable results they can be done very quickly, rather than waiting 10-20 years for the results of prospective trials.

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The Danish study is prospective in nature, which distinguishes it from most other studies on the health effects of cell phone use, which were case-control studies and enrolled subjects diagnosed with brain tumors and a comparison group of subjects who were free of brain tumors in order to compare reported cell phone usage in the two groups.

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In addition, case-control studies, such as the large INTERHEART study conducted in 52 countries, have provided valuable information.

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