Light particles - called photons - carry a packet of energy that depends on their frequency.
光束粒子——称为光子——携带的能量取决于它们的频率。
The crystals work by manipulating phonons, or vibrational waves that can carry either sound or heat depending on the frequency.
这些晶体通过对声子进行操控来工作；声子是一种振动波，可以携带声音或热量，具体携带什么则取决于其频率的高低【 译者注：声子是晶体点阵振动能的量子 】。
Modulation of light refers to changing parameters of light wave such as amplitude, intensity, and phase, frequency, polarization, etc. to make it carry message.
光辐射的调制是指改变光波振幅、强度、相位或频率、偏振等参数使之携带信息的过程。
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