With the decrease of the MOS devices size, hot carrier effect failure get more and more heavy, it become one of the main failure mechanisms.

随着MOS器件尺寸逐渐减小，由热载流子效应导致的损伤变得越来越严重，已成为影响器件性能的主要失效机制之一。

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The new levy on plastic carrier bags has come into effect in Northern Ireland.

BBC: Northern Ireland's new five-pence carrier bag tax

Its building of a first aircraft carrier was part of that and would have a profound effect on the balance of forces in the region, he said.

BBC: US says China's navy has been less aggressive in 2011

In effect, these flights from the west coast to Hawaii help the carrier reduce the impact from severe northwest winters on its business.

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