We only need consider electron as carrier of electric charge in former electron transporting process, but in GMR effect, electron not only is the carrier of electric charge, but also has spin.
在以往的电子输运过程中，人们仅需要考虑电子作为电荷的载体，但在巨磁电阻效应中，电子不仅是电荷的载体，而且具有自旋。
When the carrier or the actual carrier takes the goods in his charge, the carrier must, on demand of the shipper, issue to the shipper a bill of lading.
当承运人或实际承运人接管货物时，应托运人要求，承运人必须给托运人签发提单。
The issuing carrier may charge a reasonable administration fee for this service, unless the loss or mutilation was due to the negligence of the issuing carrier, or its agent.
填开客票的承运人可以为提供此类服务而收取合理的费用。但是，客票的遗失或者残损是因出票承运人或者其销售代理人的过失造成的除外。
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