A new method of estimating damp ratio of a underdamped system is presented by calculating area ratio of two contiguous periods, which is applicable to experimentation.

提出了一种适用于实验测量欠阻尼系统阻尼比的方法，即通过计算相邻两个周期波形的面积之比来测定系统的阻尼比。

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Satellites have long been used to track ice extent (area), but calculating the thickness of the marine floes requires the overflying spacecraft to gauge the difference between the top of the ice surface and the top of the water - a relatively simple calculation then gives the overall volume.

BBC: Launch success for Esa's Cryosat-2 ice mission

One area where JPM fell short was in calculating the income of homeowners accurately.

FORBES: Treasury Singles Out JPMorgan As Worst Mortgage Servicer Under Federal Program

The ranking was determined by calculating the number of job postings per thousand people in each major U.S. metropolitan area.

FORBES: The Easiest and Hardest Cities for Finding a Job