The results of the study show that cracks are not formed in the normal structure load, but abrupt temperature drop is the main reason for cracks formation.

研究结果表明：闸墩在正常的结构荷载作用下不会产生裂缝，温度骤降是产生裂缝的根本原因。

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They're gradual variations but their effects can be pretty abrupt.

它们是渐进的变化，但它们的影响可能是相当突然的。

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But the effects of extreme weather events will be abrupt and acutely felt.

但是极端天气事件的影响将是突发的，让人感受强烈的。

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But experts say abrupt disruptions of crude from the Gulf region appear unlikely.

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The yen had been on a steady decline for the past four months, but made an abrupt about-face on Monday afternoon.

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None of these factors would have been fatal, but for an abrupt tightening of credit in early 2008 that, in effect, cut Smart Union's working capital in half.

ECONOMIST: Business in China