By computing and analytically comparing with formulations developed by other investigators, the bulk diffusion mechanism of reacting gases and chars has been further revealed.
通过计算和与其它研究者开发的计算公式进行比较，进一步揭示了反应气体和炭的容积扩散本质。
Based on the density functional theory, the first principles calculation was performed to investigate the bulk, surface copper and the diffusion in the copper thin film.
本文应用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理赝势法，较系统地研究了铜体相和表面相，以及锂离子在铜薄膜中的扩散行为。
It is the compostiton of bulk material and deposition temperature that mainly affects the diffusion layer.
影响扩散层的主要因素是基体材料的成分和沉积温度；
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