Many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too cost1y and the rai1roads therefore have them by the throat.

许多发货人抱怨，对于长途运输的如煤炭、化工产品和粮食这样的大宗商品来说，使用卡车运输成本太高，因此铁路公司就会制约他们的发展。

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The Baltic Dry Index (BDI) which measures freight rates for bulk commodities such as iron ore and grains crashed several months ago, falling 96pc.

波罗的海干货指数(BDI)，一个衡量大宗散货(铁矿石，谷物)运费的指数，在数月前下挫了96%。

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"We've seen good levels of output, and given that, for the bulk commodities in particular that's the iron ore and coal both steaming and coking those prices are looking strong.

VOA: standard.2010.01.21

Under the deal with America, deep cuts in tariffs will by made by 2004, to just 14.5% for several bulk commodities such as wheat and maize.

ECONOMIST: The real leap forward

The firm, which concentrates on trading oil, metals, ores and bulk commodities, may in the future consider floating Puma Energy, its rapidly expanding fuel station business.

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Such efforts notwithstanding, Josef Schmidhuber, an agronomist at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, argues that Brazil's competitive advantage lies in churning out huge quantities of low-cost bulk commodities.

ECONOMIST: Brazil