Four big firms dominate the business of managing geological data, digging Wells, building RIGS, handling infrastructure and developing the technology needed for large projects.

四大公司占据着行业的统治地位，它们控制着地质数据、挖井数目、建筑器械，操纵着基础设施，改进着大型项目需要的技术。

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It takes years to fully develop a site, from surveying the geology, drilling test Wells, receiving permits, drilling working Wells and building generators.

从调查地质情况、钻测试井、获得开发许可到钻工作井和建设发电机组，现场的完全开发需要数年的时间。它也需要大量的资金。

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A stampede of energy companies has snapped up exploration rights, drilling more than 700 Wells last year alone, and building pipelines.

一大批能源公司蜂拥而至，抢购开发权，忙乎着钻井铺设管道，仅去年一年钻井量就超过了700。

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Building wells, schools, and promoting economic development are all nice things, but if the goal is merely to "do good and help people" we could probably bring Africa or Latin America ten times as far along with the same resources as Afghanistan.

CNN: Commentary: A tale of two wars

These include clearing wells, building schools and financing local community initiatives so that the benefits of foreign intervention are seen more clearly.

BBC: Can Paris 'juggernaut' save Afghanistan?

Ma Jun, a water specialist in Beijing, says that since the 1950s China has been digging ever deeper wells, and building ever more dams, canals, and water diversion projects.

ECONOMIST: Farmers pay the price for decades of wasteful water use