“Wouldn't it be better to address the question of subjects directly—which ones, for how long and what to specify?” asks Alan Smithers, of Buckingham University.

白金汉大学（教研中心主任-注）阿兰•史密瑟斯批评说，“直接了当地针对科目问题，明确解释需要教那些科目，需要教多长时间岂不更好？”

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Dr. George Fieldman, a lecturer in psychology at Buckingham Chilterns University College, offers an explanation.

白金汉郡奇尔特·恩斯大学学院的心理学讲师乔治·菲尔斯德博士对此提出了一种解释。

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It is one of four "private" institutions that are based in England and offer degrees, only one of which (the University of Buckingham) has been awarded a royal charter and operates as a charity.

这是4个“私营”机构中惟一一家处于英格兰并可授予学位的大学，也只有一所大学(白金汉大学)被授予皇家特许权并以慈善机构的方式运营。

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Prof Alan Smithers, of Buckingham University, says England's rankings vary for various reasons.

BBC: Warning over world schools rankings

But Alan Smithers, of Buckingham University, warns that single-level tests are no panacea.

ECONOMIST: School examinations

Alan Smithers, an educationalist at Buckingham University, thinks grades inflate when examiners check scripts that lie on boundaries between grades.

ECONOMIST: A-level results