Sound: play open strings alone; play slow scales, sustaining a 20- to 30-second bow; practice everything in the lower or upper half; or watch your contact point in the mirror.

音色︰只用空弦拉奏；慢慢地拉奏音阶，一弓维持在 20-30 秒；所有以上半弓或下半弓练习；或对着镜子看（弓的）接触点。

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For bow hard grounding, damage path will go toward the side of ship hull, and the contact between the ship and the rock will change gradually from intense impact to lateral press and slip friction.

对于船艏高能搁浅的情况，损伤路径会向船体外侧偏离，船舶与礁石之间的接触由剧烈的冲击逐渐过度到侧向挤压和滑动摩擦；

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