The grain boundary energy was measured with thermal etching method.

用热蚀刻方法测量了合金的晶界能。

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It is an easy and effective method to apply EET theory to the calculation of interphase boundary energy.

运用EET理论计算界面能是简便且行之有效的方法。

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Moreover, the rate-dependent deformation could also be explained from the point of grain boundary energy.

进而从晶界能量角度解释率相关变形的原因。

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An open system, as the name describes, allows mass and energy to freely flow through the boundary.

开系，顾名思义，允许质量和能量自由地,流过它的边界。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Mass and energy flow through boundary.

质量和能量流过边界“

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

system is the opposite of the open system, no mass and no energy can flow through the boundary.

孤立系与开系正相反，没有质量或能量,能流过它的边界。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Having fallen out with the Tories over the budget, Lords reform, boundary changes, energy policy, the Leveson report, and drugs reform, the Lib Dems will now make a virtue of these differences.

BBC: What to expect in 2013?

While a single wind-turbine does not affect the global atmosphere, the installation of a large number of such devices will interfere with the atmospheric circulation and diminish the extraction efficiency on the large scale, since any extraction of momentum will act in competition with natural wind-power energy dissipation by turbulence in the boundary layer.

FORBES: Researchers Warn Of Climatic Consequences To Harvesting Wind Energy On Mass Scale