【bottom-up_effect】什么意思_英语bottom-up_effect的翻译_音标_读音_用法_例句_在线翻译

bottom-up effect

上行效应

• “上行效应”(bottom-up effect)指“理化因素 →浮游植物→浮游动物→鱼类”； • “下行效应”(top-down effect)，指生态系统中较高营养级上的生物对较低营养级...

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上行控制效应

近年来，在食物网控制机理上出现了到底是上行控制效应（bottom-up effect）还是下行控制（top-down effect）的争论。

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Before, many teaching methods were used in English listening class, such as bottom-up or topdown, but the effect was not ideal.

以往，英语听力课教学虽采用了很多方法，如“自下而上”或“自上而下”的方法，但效果并不理想。

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The paper also sets up a new concept of bottom air column effect and discusses the action mechanism of bottom air column effect.

文中提出了底部空气柱效应新概念，探讨了底部空气柱效应的作用机理。

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更多双语例句

The point is, in order to truly effect change, we need both top-down government-driven approaches, and bottom-up initiatives like crowdfund investing.

FORBES: Can Crowdfunding Create Jobs and Will The Government Help?

应用推荐

$firstVoiceSent

- 来自原声例句