"The snake and reptilian robots are, in essence, training wheels," said Bongard.

“类似蛇的爬行机器人本质上是轮式机器人”，邦加德说。

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learn certain behaviors. But Bongard argues that this method may not produce the most efficient robots.

迄今为止，科学家以特定方式和程序设计制造出具有一定学习行为的机器人，但是邦加德认为这种方法制造不出最有效率的机器人。

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In 2006, Josh Bongard at the University of Vermont in Burlington designed a walking robot with a continuously updated internal model of itself.

2006年伯灵顿佛蒙特大学的乔希·邦加德(Josh Bongard)设计了一个行走机器人，可以不断地升级自己的内部模块。

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