You pass the before method an optional symbol and a code block.

您向before方法传递一个可选的标志和一个代码块。

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The symbol determines how often RSpec should execute the code block.

标志确定RSpec执行代码块的频率。

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The default symbol is: each, meaning RSpec will call the set up block before each test.

默认的标志为：each，表示RSpec将在每次测试之前调用set u p代码块。

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