Whether we like it or not, we are going back to the pre-Bismarckian world, where work had no formal stopping point.

无论喜不喜欢，我们正在回到前俾斯麦时代，在那里，工作没有正规的休止符。

youdao

It is actually a tragedy that Japanese society took the Bismarckian path of state welfare.

FORBES: Japan's Baby Boomer Bomb Explodes in 2011

Whether we like it or not, we are going back to the pre-Bismarckian world, where work had no formal stopping point.

ECONOMIST: Ageing in the rich world

But I cannot, in closing, resist a comment: Was it really inevitable that Japan, as well as the U.S. and so many other countries, adopted the Bismarckian model of national pension schemes?

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