First, I'd like to talk about some discoveries that have challenged one of these fundamental assumptions about what you need in order to have a biological community.

首先，我想谈谈一些发现，它们挑战了建立生物群落必需条件的基本假设之一。

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most chemical and biological systems aren't that simple precisely because you have to worry about many particles and their statistics and the way they might order or disorder.

大多数化学或者生物系统并不是这么简单,因为你必须担心大量的粒子,和他们的统计特性以及它们有序,和无序的情况。

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Evolutionary stasis is fairly common at the higher levels of the Linnaean system of biological classification (class, order and family).

在林耐生物分类(类，属和门)系统的高等类别中进化停滞现象是相当普遍的。

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This process of using a biological event like resistance to Ampicillin in order to pick out the cell population that you're interested in is called selection.

这个利用生物特性,如对氨苄青霉素的抗性,来挑出你所感兴趣的细胞的过程叫筛选

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

We're using biological mechanisms and we're growing cells in order to accomplish it.

我们靠生物机制,和培养细胞来达到目的

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Gallagher says competition is biological, hardwired into humans in order to ensure the survival of the species.

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And in order to have any biological activity, if the gene fragment is somehow turned into a protein it would have to get into our own cells, and it does not have the capability to do that.

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He ruled that, in this case, it was "appropriate" for the biological fathers to apply for a contact order, which would set out when they could see the child such as on certain weekends or during school holidays.

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