Nowadays, two kinds of pricing method are adopted: System-Marginal - pricing method and Pay-as-Bid pricing method.

目前通用的有两种定价方法：系统边际定价法和报价定价法。

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Take-off and unit pricing is completed before bid day.

拿离开，单元定价在出价日前是已完成的。

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Under uniform clear pricing method, no matter what risk type power supplier takes, in format, the optimal bid is its cost minus loss of failure, and then adds uplift.

但在统一出清电价下，无论发电厂商是何种风险类型，其最优报价在形式上均为在其运行成本减去竞价失败损失的基础上再加上一个提升量。

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While under the opaque pricing model, users bid for services at discounted prices and Priceline earns the difference between the price an individual is willing to pay and the price charged by the travel service provider.

FORBES: Breaking Down Priceline's Business And Stock Drivers

Brokers push them, he says, because the pricing is opaque and most customers will never see a bid-ask spread.

FORBES: Magazine Article

Instead, its interest is in providing its users easy access to airline flight and pricing data and giving online travel agencies the ability to bid on the sale of tickets to Google users looking to buy.

FORBES: Correcting Herb Kohl (And Kayak And Bing Travel ...) On Google/ITA