In 2004 Chris Bell, the then boss of Ladbrokes, a bookmaker, claimed that at least one race a day was being fixed, and blamed betting exchanges.

在2004年的Chris Bell，当时Ladbrokes的老板——一位赌注登记经纪人，宣称每天至少一场比赛的结局是固定了的，并归咎于赌博交易。

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At that time, they consisted of side betting parlors (much smaller than exchanges).

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Nasdaq is betting that regulators will ask banks that now trade these instruments over the phone to move them to exchanges where pricing will be instantly available to everyone.

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Two other exchanges, www.tradesports.com and www.bluevex.de, are more like online betting sites.

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