The long arm of chromosome 17 has previously been associated with prostate cancer in family-based linkage studies, the authors explain, but no susceptibility variants have been reported before now.

作者说，17号染色体的长臂以前在家族相关性研究中（被认为）与前列腺癌有关，但是以前没有报道易感变异。

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Before long, catalogs-previously just lists of items to be sold-began carrying new information: condition, provenance, even price estimates.

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Mr Chavez has previously said that the prison system was neglected long before he took office in 1999.

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That some populations have more of the long version of the serotonin-transporter gene has been noticed before, though the association has previously been made at a national, rather than a racial, level.

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